Understands and applies systematic counting
Systematic counting is sometimes more formally referred to as combinatorics. This includes mathematical concepts and methods needed to solve counting problems, such as finding out how many computer passwords are possible using two letters and four digits, how many different license plate numbers or telephone numbers are possible, or how many different pizzas you can get if you choose three toppings from six available toppings.
Students should understand and apply basic counting methods including systematic listing, tree diagrams, and the Multiplication Principle of Counting. They should understand the importance of ordering and repetition when attempting to count a collection. They should understand and apply permutations, combinations, combinatorial reasoning, and the General Multiplication Rule for Probability.